00Introduction: For dyeing in textile it is very essential to know the hardness of water. The pre-treatment and also dyeing process face more problem for more hardness of water. So before run the dyeing process should control the hardness of water. Otherwise the result will not good for the product. Essential Apparatus & Chemicals : …
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00 1.Soda Lime Process 2.Base exchange process ( Permuted ) 3.Demineralization 4.Soda Alum 5.Aceration 6.Chelation on sequestration.  Soda Lime Process: In this process, Hydrated lime and sodium carbonate are added to precipitate calcium and magnesium ions as compounds of low solubility. For temporary hardness, Ca(HCO3)2+Ca(OH)2 ———–à 2CaCO3↓+2H2O Mg(HCO3)+2Ca(OH)2 ———à 2CaCO3↓+Mg(OH)2+2H2O For Permanent Hardness, CaSO4+NaCO3 …
Continue reading Methods of Water Purification00The hardness of water is expressed by the amount of calcium present in water. In this method, chlorides, sulphates and bi-carbonates of calcium and magnesium and also carbonates of magnesium are not takes into consideration Hardness is expressed by— PPM ( Parts per Million ) English degree German degree French Degree PPM: The number of …
Continue reading Methods of expressing hardness of water00 The presence of Calcium, Magnesium salt i,e bi-carbonates, sulphates, chloride, in water is called causes of hardness of water. The water which contains these salt is called hard water. Hard water does not easily form lather with soap as the salt of Calcium and Magnesium react with soap to form insoluble organic salts. …
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