The purpose of adding ‘fabric softeners’ at the end of the washing process is to neutralise the very small amounts of detergents left in the textiles and thus prevent static electricity. During the rinsing cycle of laundering, the detergents are diluted between 1000 and 10000 times, so the concentration of detergents in the water of …
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Cationic Softeners Cationic softeners are ionic molecules that have a positive charge on the large part of the molecule. The important ones are based on nitrogen, either in the form of an amine or in the form of a quaternary ammonium salt. The amine becomes positively charged at acidic pHs and therefore functions as a …
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