The Technology which is used to modify the appearance out look comfortability & Fashion of the garments is called garment washing.

What is the purpose washing / best wash look.

1. Purpose of washing / Best wash look is the best touch of a garment – This may be explained in the following way:-
2. Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance.
3. After washing the garments create a new look which seems the new touch of fashion.
4. By the washing technique, fadded / old look, color or tinted affect is created in the garments which also seems the best touch of garments.
5. vWashing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, Blasting, Whichkering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye PP Spray, hand scraping PP Sponzing etc. Which also seems the best touch of garments.
6. The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a result the garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
7. When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments.
8. To attraction the Customers / Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing and market developments.
9. Due to washing, Shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further Shrinkage of the wash garments.
10. Any dirt, Spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due to washing.

Types of Washing:

The types of washing are mentioned below:

1. Normal wash / Garments wash
2. Pigment wash
3. Caustic wash
4. Enzyme wash
5. Stone wash
6. Bleach wash
7. Stone Enzyme wash
8. Acid wash
9. Silicon wash
10. Sand Blasting

Dry Process

1. PP Spray
2. PP Sponging
3. Overall wrinkle
4. Permanent wrinkle
5. Tinting & over dyeing
6. Grinding & destroy
7. Broken & Tagging
8. Etc.

Types of What machine used in washing plant:

1. Sample washing Machine (Horizontal / Vertical type)
2. Washing Machine Tonello (Skin touch)
3. Washing Machine Tonello (Key board Touch)
4. Hydro extractor Machine
5. Dryer Machine (Steam)
6. Dryer Machine (Gas)
7. Chemical Mixture Machine
8. Industrial Over (Gas / Electric)
9. Boiler
10. Submersible Pump
11. Grinding Machine
12. Tagging Machine
13. Steam Chamber for Crinkle
14. E. T. P. (Effluent Treatment Plant)
15. Generator
16. Sand Blasting Gun
17. Sand Blasting Chamber
18. Spray Gun and Dummy
19. Screw Compressor
20. Laser Draw

Chemical used in Caustic wash and their function:

• Caustic Soda (NaoH):

1. 1. Caustic Created the sole in bleach technique with colour change the garments.
   2. Caustic has powerful cleaning power.
   3. Fadding affect / old looking affect come rapidly on garments.

• Detergent:

There detergent is used to remove impurities from the garments fabric surfaces and temperature helps detergent to enhance its action. During coming these impurities some colour will be washed out from the coloured fabric garments. As a result fadding affect will be developed.

Enzyme Wash:

1. 1. Enzymes are bio chemical substances that behave as catalysts toward specific reactions. What makes very interesting the enzymes under a chemical point of view is their high specificty or in other words, ability to attack selectively a given substrate.
   2. Among the two traditional enzymes used in the treatments of denim garments (amylase to hydrolyze starches and cellulose to degrade in different way’s cotton’s cellulose) there is another enzyme that can be employed to attack selectively that molecule that constitutes the blue indigo colour resulting ineffective on other kind of dyes.
   3. The action of enzyme during enzyme wash, it hydrolysis the cellulose, at first it attacks the having projecting fibre and hydrolyzed them. Than it attack the yarn portion inside fabric and partly hydrolyzed the yarn portion and fadded affect is produced.
   4. Mainly two types of enzyme used in Bangladesh. One is Acid Enzyme (liquid) and another is Neutral Enzyme.

Neutral Enzyme is two types:

a) Powder form.  b) Liquid form i.e. Silicon enzyme.

• Acid Enzyme:

1. 1. Acid enzyme color is slightly brown
   2. P^H range is 4.5 to 5.5
   3. Temperature 60^o C
   4. Time required 20 to 25 mts.
   5. Enzyme affects come within short time
   6. Staining / Bleeding occurs more in garments
   7. oProduction high

• Neutral Enzyme:

Powder Enzyme

1. 1. Enzyme is slightly white powder form
   2. P^H range is 6.5 to 7.5
   3. Temperature 50^o C
   4. Time required 45 to 50 mts.
   5. Enzyme affects come slowly
   6. Less Staining / Bleeding on garments
   7. With pumic stone comes good affect / abrasion on garments
   8. In dark shade enzyme affect comes good

• Silicon Enzyme:

1. 1. SL enzyme color is liquid form
   2. P^H range is 6 to 7
   3. Temperature range 40^o C – 60^o C
   4. Time required 45 to 80 mts.
   5. Enzyme affects come slowly
   6. Less Staining / Bleeding on garments
   7. With pumic stone comes better affect
   8. In dark shade enzyme affect comes good

Enzyme Wash:

• Enzyme wash is required for the following reasons:

1. 1. To remove the size materials from the garments..
   2. To remove the starch presents on the garments fabrics.
   3. To achieve the high low abrasion (Stone affect) on garment and same abrasion in sewing area.
   4. For soft feeling to wear the garment.
   5. To achieve the buyer reference sample.
   6. To increase the colour fastness & rubbing fastner.
   7. Especially develop the “Bio-Polishing” affect of cotton / denim.
   8. Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties.
   • Enzyme attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives every smooth surfac.

• Different Types of washing faults:

1. 1. Colour shade variation.
   2. Crease mark.
   3. Very dark & very light.
   4. Bleach Spot.
   5. Bottom hem & course edge destroy.
   6. Running Shading.
   7. Over blasting / low blasting.
   8. Over grinding / low grinding.
   9. Bad smell due to poor neutralization.
   10. Poor hand feel.
   11. To high hairiness.
   12. Poor brightness.
   13. High or low affect / abrasion on garments.
   14. Spot on garments.

• What Types of chemical use in washing plant:

1. 1. Enzyme
   2. Acetic Acid
   3. Detergent
   4. Antistain
   5. Bleaching Powder
   6. Sodium Hyposulfite
   7. Caustic Soda
   8. Soda Ash
   9. Sodium Bicarbonate
   10. Potassium Permanganate
   11. Cationic / Nonionic Flax Softener
   12. Micro Emulsion Silicon-Salt (Sodium Chloride)
   13. Buffer
   14. Hydrogen Per Oxide
   15. Stabilizer
   16. Fixing Agent
   17. Catanizer
   18. Optical Brightner
   19. Resin
   20. Sodium Metabisulphite
   21. Desizing Agent

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